How to choose a scraper? How to choose a scraper?
1. Purpose
Scrapers are mainly used in large-scale earthmoving projects, such as railways, farmland water conservancy, airports, ports and other projects. In highway construction, it is an ideal tool with high production efficiency and large-scale roadbed construction. Earthmoving construction and transportation machinery with good economic benefits can continuously complete the five processes of shoveling, loading, transporting, spreading and leveling. The economic operating distance of a scraper is generally 100-2500m, and the maximum transport distance can reach several kilometers. The working speed of the self-propelled scraper can reach more than 40km/h, which fully demonstrates the advantages of the scraper with high production efficiency and good economic benefits in medium and long-distance operations. The scraper can be used to directly excavate soft soil below level II, and hard soil above level III should be excavated after loosening in advance. The scraper can also carry out unloading and leveling operations on the soil, filling the soil layer by layer to the filling location, and leveling and compacting the soil to a certain extent.
In foreign countries, the application of large scrapers is very common, especially in economically developed countries, where they are generally favored due to their good comprehensive economic benefits. At present, the scraper bucket capacity produced in the United States has reached more than 38m3, and the power exceeds 400KW. The well-known American company REYNOLDS is currently the largest professional manufacturer of tractor-trailer scrapers in the world, with bucket capacities ranging from 3.8m3 to 13.7m3 and more than 40 models. Due to the application of new technologies and new structures, For example, connecting the blade blade to the crank mechanism and using laser guidance to control the blade blade in the horizontal plane improves the life and efficiency of the scraper, reduces energy consumption and improves the quality of the operation. Trailed scrapers have gradually replaced self-propelled scrapers with their unique functions. The American REYNOLDS company also provides special scrapers according to user requirements, such as “LS” and “GL” series finishing scrapers, “E” series forced discharge scrapers, and “LSE” series laser Scrapers, “CFB” series fixed blade scrapers, “CARRY-ALL” series multi-purpose scrapers. Various series of towable scrapers are equipped with rear hooks and hydraulic output ports, which can be used to hold a second scraper for simultaneous operation.
2. Classification, characteristics and scope of application
The scraper is mainly based on bucket capacity, unloading method, loading method, traveling mechanism, power transmission and Classification based on different control methods:
According to the unloading method: free type, semi-forced type and forced type;
According to the loading method: ordinary type, lift type etc.;
According to traveling mechanism: tire type, crawler type, etc.;
According to power transmission: mechanical, hydraulic machinery, electric power, hydraulic pressure, etc.;
According to operation mode: machineMechanical and hydraulic.
Since the scraper integrates shoveling, transporting, unloading, paving and leveling, it is more efficient than the combined operations of bulldozers, loaders, excavators and dump trucks in the construction of earthworks. and economy. The amount of earthwork completed by one shift within a reasonable transportation distance is equivalent to the amount of earthwork completed by an excavator with a bucket capacity of 1m3 and four dump trucks with a load of 10t, and a total of 5 drivers. Its technical and economic indicators are higher than 5-8 times.
The selection of a scraper mainly depends on the transportation distance, material characteristics, and road conditions. Among them, the economical and applicable transportation distance and operating resistance are the main basis for selecting a scraper.
3. Why choose scraper
1. Choose according to transportation distance
Select according to transportation distance is to choose scraper The basic basis of the machine is that within the transport distance range of 100-2500m, the best loading equipment for earthworks is a scraper. Generally, a small bucket capacity means a short transport distance, while a large bucket capacity means a long transport distance. It is currently produced by REYNOLDS Company in the United States. Multiple models of scrapers with optimal transport distances of 500m or longer.
2. Select according to the characteristics of the materials to be transported
General scrapers are suitable for use in soil quality below grade II. If soil quality is grade III or IV, they should be pre-selected. Loose. The scraper is most suitable for construction in loose sand and clay soil with a moisture content of less than 25%. It is not suitable for construction in dry silt soil and moist clay, and it is not suitable for construction in humid areas, swamp areas and rocks. Regional operations.
3. Select according to the construction terrain
Using downhill shoveling for loading and transportation can improve the productivity of the scraper. The optimal slope is 7-80. Therefore, soil is taken from the pits on both sides of the road to fill the embankment with a height of (3-8m) or the spoil on both sides is excavated to create a cutting with a depth of 3-8m. The longitudinal soil transport road should be flat and the slope should not be less than 1:10-1:12 (about 5O). It is most suitable for projects such as leveling a large area of the site, leveling large mounds of soil, filling and digging pipe trenches, and installing canal earthwork.
4. Selection according to machine type
The type of scraper is mainly selected based on soil quality, transport distance, slope and road conditions. At present, lifting scrapers are widely used abroad. application, because the lifting scraper can be pushed down without a shovel assist and the bucket can be filled; the power load changes slightly during operation, only 15%, while ordinary scrapers require about 40% , the dual-engine lift scraper can overcome greater working resistance, so it has a wider range of materials to transport and can operate on larger slopes.
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