Tire/wheel failure
Manifestation :
1. Tread bulges
Tire bulges are cord breaks, which cannot be repaired. If they continue to be used, there will be greater safety risks.
2. Edge damage
The bead is damaged or deformed (the bead refers to the edge part of the tire installed on the rim). Some small cracks indicate that the tire is leaking. possible, and in serious cases may even affect driving safety.
3. The tread pattern becomes shallower
The main function of the tread pattern is to increase the friction between the tire and the road surface and prevent the wheel from slipping. If the tire is in normal use but the depth of the tread pattern is less than 1.6 mm, it is recommended that the car owner go to a service station in time to have it inspected by a professional and replace the tire if necessary.
4. Abnormal tire pressure
If the tire pressure monitoring indicator light in the car lights up while driving, it is likely that the tire has been punctured by a foreign object, and you need to go to a service station in time. Check and repair by professionals.
5. The driving experience is strange
The vehicle may experience trajectory deviation, tire slippage, excessive vibration and jitter during driving.
Treatment method: Go to the service station promptly to have the tire inspected by a professional and replace the tire if necessary.
Axle failure
Performance:
1. There are abnormal noises during driving, such as the rear axle (The differential carrier housing) makes a “dang-dang” sound, which may disappear when it is returned to neutral.
2. When there is a roaring sound like an airplane while driving, it is particularly serious within 1-2 seconds after the oil is lost.
3. There is a rhythmic “knocking” sound while driving, especially when the speed is suddenly increased or accelerated rapidly.
Cause of failure: The gear is damaged or the connecting bolt is broken; the main and driven teeth are worn; the gear clearance is too large.
Treatment method:
You should stop the vehicle and contact rescue for inspection, replace relevant damaged parts; replace the main and driven gears; and replace excessively worn parts through maintenance.
Suspension failure
1. Fault phenomenon: heavy steering or poor steering wheel return
Cause of failure: Improper wheel alignment or tiresThe air pressure is abnormal, and the suspension control arm ball joint is poorly lubricated, seized or damaged.
Troubleshooting method: Carry out four-wheel alignment or inflate the tires to normal pressure, lubricate or replace the suspension control arm ball joint.
2. Fault phenomenon: The suspension causes the body to roll too much
Cause of the fault: The shock absorber is damaged, the elasticity of the lateral stabilizer bar is weakened or the connecting rod is damaged, and the lateral control rod or down The suspension control arms are severely worn.
Troubleshooting methods: Check and replace shock absorbers, replace stabilizer bars or connecting rods, replace lateral control rods or lower suspension control arms, perform four-wheel alignment or inflate tires to normal pressure.
3. Fault phenomenon: There is noise in the suspension universal joint drive shaft
Fault reason: The drive shaft is deformed and the universal joint is severely worn.
Troubleshooting method: Correct or replace the drive shaft and replace the universal joint.
4. Fault phenomenon: The front wheel of the suspension swings or deviates.
Cause of the fault: The bearing is damaged, the wheel hub is deflected, the rim bolts of the wheel steel are loose, and the wheel does not Balance, the front wheel positioning angle is incorrect, the ball pin of the lower swing arm or steering tie rod is worn or loose, the left and right front shock absorbers are damaged or deformed, the fastening bolts of the steering knuckle, shock absorber and lower swing arm are loose, the two front wheels The air pressure is inconsistent.
Troubleshooting method: Replace the bearings, replace the wheel hub, tighten the rim bolts according to the specified torque, perform wheel dynamic balance testing and adjustment, correct the toe-in and camber angle of the front wheel, replace the ball stud, replace the front damper Vibrator, tighten the bolts to the specified torque, and inflate to normal air pressure.
5. Fault phenomenon: Abnormal noise from the suspension
Cause of the fault: The front and rear rubber bushings of the lower swing arm are worn, aged or damaged, the coil spring fails or bends, and the shock absorber piston The rod and cylinder are severely worn, and the connecting bolts of the shock absorber, steering knuckle, and lower swing arm are loose.
Troubleshooting methods: Replace bushings, replace coil springs, replace shock absorbers, and tighten loose bolts.
Frame failure
Performance: Abnormal body shaking and vibration.
Causes of failure:
1. Damage caused by vehicle vibration, corrosion caused by chemical action, surface scratches, damage to the protective paint layer, etc.
2. Damage caused by incorrect use, such as lateral bending and deformation of the frame when the car turns at high speed; damage to the frame when driving quickly or overloaded on poor road conditions, especially when crossing a ditch diagonally. There is large distortion and local deformation caused by local stress.
3. Damage caused by accidents, such as dents on the plate surface, tearing of the plate parts; open welding damage of the welded parts.
4. Structural design issues. The component structure is unreasonable, the component structure strength is insufficient, and the component connection strength is insufficient.
Treatment method:
1. Cracks
If cracks are found in longitudinal or cross beams, they should be repaired as soon as possible to avoid crack expansion, increase the difficulty of repair, and even cause damage to related parts. damage. When the frame is found to appearWhen there is a crack, first clean the surface of the crack with gasoline or polish the 20 mm area around the crack with emery cloth to expose the metallic luster. Find the beginning and end of the crack, and then repair the crack as follows. When repairing by welding, use a saw blade to groove the crack, drill a small hole at the end of the crack, and then use electric welding to repair it. The strength of the welding rod should be compatible with the strength of the material. During welding repair, there should be no pores and defects; the edges should be carefully ground and smooth after welding repair. This method of welding and repairing cracks is generally used in parts of the frame that are less stressed or when the length of the crack on the longitudinal and crossbeam airfoils does not exceed 2/3 of the airfoil width. The cracks are long and appear in important stress-bearing parts, and they should be repaired after welding to increase their strength.
2. Torsion and bending deformation
Put the frame flat. When adjacent channel beams cross and pull steel wires, the difference in distance between the two intersection points and the center line should not be greater than 3 mm, otherwise it should be corrected. After the frame is inspected, if it is found that the bending or torsion exceeds the allowable limit, it should be corrected. When the longitudinal beam or crossbeam has a small local bend, it can be straightened by cold pressing with a press or jack without disassembly; for large bends or defects that are difficult to correct with the cold calibration method, the flame correction method can be used , the temperature will not easily exceed 700℃, and it must be cooled slowly after calibration. If the frame has serious bending, torsion and skew, all longitudinal and cross beams should be dismantled and corrected separately before riveting.
3. Loose riveting and shearing
After the frame is corrected, the rivets on the frame should be checked to prevent the rivets from loosening during correction. Clamp the rivets using a jack with a concave end. After the frame is calibrated, use a hand hammer to tap and inspect all rivets on the frame to prevent the rivets from loosening during calibration. When inspecting, pay attention to the air noise to determine whether it is loose. If there is looseness, wrong head, skew, etc., it should be corrected according to the following methods.
(1) Use drilling or gas cutting to remove old rivets. Do not remove by hand, as this is unsafe and may enlarge and deform the rivet holes.
(2) If the rivet hole is deformed or misaligned, it can be repaired by expanding the hole. The hole diameter should be the size of the larger rivet hole.
(3) When the wear of the rivet hole is greater than 2 mm required by the standard, the old rivet hole should be filled and welded, and the rivet hole should be drilled again.
(4) The rivets used for cold riveting are preferably No. 10 or 15 steel. The surface of the rivet is not allowed to have cracks, bruises, streaks, flat tops and metal burrs, and the ends are not allowed to be out of round.
(5) When riveting, the pressure should be moderate. If the pressure is too small, the rivet will not be tight. If the pressure is too high, the rivet will be easily deformed. After riveting, the rivet head and the surface of the riveted part should fit closely, and the joint surface of the two riveted parts should fit together without any gap.
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